Learning new things!
Runtime refers to the period when a program is actively running or executing on a …
The goal of this blog is to explain circle group without complex mathematical definitions. However, this approach is not rigorous, it serves more like a intuition of understanding the geometry of a circle group. Before diving into the blog, may you need some pre-readings like Exploring circle STARKs or Yet …
Using multiplicative group of size 16 to demonstrate the concept of coset.
suppose we have a trace \([1,2,3,4]\) , and we want to prove \(f(x)+1=f(gx)\)
\(g\) is the group generator for cyclic group of size 4, the same size of the trace.
Canonical coset:
odd coset setup
CirclePointIndex is just a wrapper of usize, which represent actually the order of the coset generator.
when creating a new coset, we need a generator and shiftoffset, the shiftoffset mostly be the generator of the subgroup of one log size bigger
so here, CirclePointIndex::subgroup_gen is …
Files structure:
In the context of programming, a prelude is generally a set of common imports or definitions that a module or program can use directly without needing to specify them every time. It acts like a convenience layer, making certain functions, traits, or types available by default.…
Trace table looks like this:
| a_wire | a_val | b_wire | b_val | c_wire | c_val | multiplicity |
| 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 1 |
| 3 |
following the first post
got two tasks:
let’s talk about generate trace first.
in stwo, the trace is in this format as showed in last post
ColumnVec<CircleEvaluation<SimdBackend, BaseField, BitReversedOrder>>how powdr …
in Powdr, the proving function of Plonky3 is in function prove_with_key, in stark.rs
you can see the inputs for prove_with_key function has “air”, this is what used to define constraints, powdr gives “&circuit” to it, and it is a powdrcircuit, probably powdrcircuit applies the trait of AIR
so at this …
it is about this example in stwo
two parameters:
FIB_SEQUENCE_LENGTH specifies the rounds of fibo sequence
LOG_N_INSTANCES as stwo use SIMD, data parallel data struct, this number specify how many instances of fibo sequences are proved at the same time. The data are packed in LOG_N_LANES chunks, which is 16 …